Environmental drivers of phytoplankton with focus on potentially toxic cyanobacteria in a shallow lake used as drinking water source: Sauce Lake, Maldonado, Uruguay

Authors

  • Lucía González-Madina Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Centro Universitario de la Región Este (CURE), Universidad de la República
  • Juan Pablo Pacheco Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Centro Universitario de la Región Este (CURE), Universidad de la República
  • Néstor Mazzeo Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Centro Universitario de la Región Este (CURE), Universidad de la República.Instituto SARAS.Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República.
  • Paula Levrini Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Centro Universitario de la Región Este (CURE), Universidad de la República.
  • Juan María Clemente Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Centro Universitario de la Región Este (CURE), Universidad de la República.
  • Juan José Lagomarsino Área Hidrobiología de la Gerencia de Gestión de Laboratorios, Obras Sanitarias del Estado, OSE-UGD.
  • Claudia Fosalba Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Centro Universitario de la Región Este (CURE), Universidad de la República.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26461/13.03

Keywords:

Harmful Algal blooms, phytoplankton composition, biomonitoring, drinking water supply

Abstract

Sauce Lake, the main drinking water source in Maldonado, Uruguay, has been registering recurring events of potentially toxic cyanobacterial blooms that affect its service. This leads to the necessity of exploring the environmental drivers in the composition of phytoplankton, particularly in the presence of potentially toxic cyanobacteria. In this study we analyzed the environmental factors associated with phytoplankton composition and biomass, particularly of cyanobacteria. We sampled physicochemical variables, nutrients and phytoplankton during the summer 2015-2016 with a weekly frequency, in six sites of Sauce Lake. The results show a very high temporal and spatial variability in the phytoplankton composition, with cyanobacterial algal blooms of different taxa: Dolichospermum crassum, Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi, Microcystis aeruginosa, Microcystis panniformis y Sphaerocavum brasiliense. We observed that turbidity is a key factor controlling the total phytoplankton biomass, while the NT vs. PO4 concentrations determined the differential presence of potentially toxic cyanobacteria. The analysis of the relationship between these nutrients could contribute to anticipate different cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in this ecosystem, enabling the development of management tools oriented to decrease its negative effects, particularly in the purification process.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bonilla, S., Haakonson, S., Somma, A., Gravier, A., Britos, A., Vidal, L., De León, L., Brena, B., Pírez, M., Piccini, C., Martínez de la Escalera, G., Chalar, G., González-Pianna, M., Martigani, F. y Aubriot, L., 2015. Cianobacterias y cianotoxinas en ecosistemas límnicos de Uruguay. En: INNOTEC, 10, pp.9-22.

Bonilla, S., 2009. Cianobacterias planctónicas del Uruguay. Manual para la identificación y medidas de gestión. Montevideo: UNESCO; PSHI-VII. (Documento técnico, 16). ISBN 978-92-9089-138-3.

Carmichael, W.W., 1992. Cyanobacteria secondary metabolites—the cyanotoxins. En: Journal of applied bacteriology, 72(6), pp.445-459.

Carmichael, W.W., 1997. The cyanotoxins. En: Advances in Botanical Research, 27, pp.211-256.

Carpenter, S.R., Stanley, E.H. y Vander Zanden, M.J., 2011. State of the world’s freshwater ecosystems: physical, chemical, and biological changes. En: Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 36, pp.75-99.

Chorus, I., 2012. Cyanotoxins: occurrence, causes, consequences. Berlín: Springer. ISBN-13: 978-3-642-64004-9.

Chorus, I. y Bartram, J., 1999. Toxic cyanobacteria in water: A guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management. Londres: E & FN Spon. ISBN: 0419239308.

Conley, D.J., Pearl, H.W., Howarth, R.W., Boesch, D.F., Seitzinger, S.P., Havens, K.E., Lancelot, C. y Likens, G.E., 2009. Controlling Eutrophication: Nitrogen and Phosphorus. En: Science, 232, pp.1014-1015.

Crisci, C., Terra, R., Bidegain, M., Ghattas, B., Goyenola, G., Lagomarsino, J.J., M., Méndez, G., Pacheco, J.P. y Mazzeo, N., en prensa. Multi-model approach to predict phytoplankton biomass and composition dynamics in a eutrophic shallow lake. En: Ecological Modelling.

De León, L. y Yunes, J., 2001. First report of a microcystin-containing bloom of the cyanobacterium microcystis aeruginosa in the La Plata River, South America. En: Enviromental Toxicology, 16(1), pp.110-112.

De León, L., 2002. Floraciones de cianobacterias en aguas continentales de Uruguay: causas y consecuencias. En: Domínguez, A. y Prieto, R.G., eds. Perfil ambiental del Ur uguay, 2002. Montevideo: Nordan-Comunidad. pp.28-37.

Dolman, A.M., Rücker, J., Pick, F.R., Fastner, J., Rohrlack, T., Mischke, U. y Widner, C., 2012. Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: The Influence of Nitrogen versus Phosphorus. En: PLoS ONE, 7(6): e38757. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038757.

Falconer, I.R., Burch, M.D., Steffensen, D.A., Choice, M. y Coverdale, O.R., 1994. Toxicity of the blue‐green alga (cyanobacterium) Microcystis aeruginosa in drinking water to growing pigs, as an animal model for human injury and risk assessment. En: Environmental Toxicology, 9(2), pp.131-139.

Falconer, I.R. y Humpage, A.R., 2005. Health risk assessment of cyanobacterial (blue-green algal) toxins in drinking water. En: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2(1), pp.43-50.

Ferber, L.R., Levine, S.N., Lini, A. y Livingston, G.P., 2004. Do cyanobacteria dominate in eutrophic lakes because they fix atmospheric nitrogen? En: Freshwater Biology, 49(6), pp.690-708.

Guillard, R.L., 1978. Counting slides. En: Sournia, A., ed., 1978. Phytoplankton manual. Paris: Unesco. pp.182-190.

Gravier, A., Britos, A., Vidal, L. y Pérez, M.C., 2017. Protocolo de alertas por cianobacterias en los servicios de agua potable de OSE. Montevideo: OSE. (Documento Técnico).

Heisler, J., Gilbert, P.M, Burkholder, J.M., Anderson, D.M., Cochlan, W., Dennison, W.C., Dortch, Q., Gobler, C.J., Heil, C.A., Humphries, E., Lewitus, A., Magnien, R., Marshall, H.G., Sellner, K., Stockwell, D.A., Stoecker, D.K. y Suddleson, M., 2008. Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: A scientific consensus. En: Harmful Algae, 8, pp.3-13.

Hillebrand, H., Durselen, C.D., Kirschtel, D., Pollingher, U. y Zohary, T., 1999. Biovolume calculation for pelagic and benthic microalgae. En: Journal of Phycology, 35, pp.403-424.

Hutchinson, G., 1973. Eutrophication. En: American Science, 61, pp.269-279

Inda, H. y Steffen, M., eds., 2010. Bases técnicas para el manejo integrado de Laguna del Sauce y cuenca asociada. Montevideo: Editorial Montevideo. ISBN: 978-9974-0-0694-2.

Khan, F. y Ansari, A., 2005. Eutrophication: an ecological vision. En: The Botanical Review, 71(4), pp.449-482.

Koroleff, F., 1970. Revised version of direct determination of amonia of natural waters as indophenol blue. Int. Con. Explor. Sea C.M 1969/C9. ICES, Information on techniques and methods for sea water analysis. En: Interlab. Rep., 3, pp.19-22.

Lund, J., Kipling, C. y Le Cren, E., 1958. The inverted microscope method of estimating algal numbers and statistical basis of estimating by counting. En: Hydrobiologia, 11, pp.143–170.

Mazzeo, N., García-Rodríguez, F., Rodríguez, A., Méndez, G., Iglesias, C., Inda, H., Goyenola, G., García, S., Fosalba, C., Marroni, S., Crisci, C., Del Puerto, L.;,Clemente, J., Pacheco, P., Carballo, C., Kroeger, A., Vianna, M., Meerhoff, M., Steffen, M., Lagomarsino, J.J., Masdeu, M., Vidal, N., Texeira de Mello, F., González, I. y Larrea, D., 2010. Estado trófico de Laguna del Sauce y respuestas asociadas. En: Inda, H. y Steffen, M., eds., 2010. Bases técnicas para el manejo integrado de Laguna del Sauce y cuenca asociada. Montevideo: Editorial Montevideo. pp.31-49. ISBN: 978-9974-0-0694-2.

Merel, S., Walker, D., Chicana, R., Snyder, S., Baurès, E. y Thomas, O., 2013. State of knowledge and concerns on cyanobacterial blooms and cyanotoxins. En: Environment international, 59, pp.303-327.

Moss, B., Madgwick, J. y Phillips, G., 1996. A guide to the restoration of nutrient enriched shallow lakes. Norwich: Environmental Agency. ISBN: 0948119292.

Muller, R. y Wiedemann, O., 1955. Die bestimmung des nitrat-ions in Wasser. En: Von Wasser, 22, pp.247-271.

Murphy, J. y Rilley, J.P., 1962. A modified single-solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. En: Analyt. Chim. Acta, 27, pp.31-36.

Nusch, E., 1980. Comparisons of different methods for chlorophyll and phaeopigments determination. En: Archiv für Hydrobiologie Ergebnisse der Limnologie, 14, pp.14-36.

Pacheco, J.P., Iglesias, C., Meerhoff, M., Fosalba, C., Goyenola, G., Teixeira-de Mello, F., García, S., Gelós, M. y García- Rodríguez, F., 2010. Phytoplankton community structure in five subtropical shallow lakes with different trophic status (Uruguay): a morphology-based approach. En: Hydrobiologia, 646(1), pp.187-197.

Pacheco, J.P., González-Madina, L., Clemente, J.M. y Mazzeo, N., 2016. Análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo del fitoplancton de la Laguna del Sauce Maldonado – Uruguay. Montevideo: OSE, UGD. (Informes hidrobiológicos semanales de calidad de agua).

Paerl, H.W., 1997. Coastal eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: importance of atmospheric deposition and groundwater as «new» nitrogen and other nutrient sources. En: Limnology and Oceanography, 42, pp.1154-1165.

Paerl, H.W., Hall., N.S. y Calandrino., E.S., 2011. Controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a world experiencing anthropogenic and climate-induced change. En: Science of the Total Environment, 409(10), pp.1739-45.

Paerl, H.W. y Otten, T.G., 2013. Harmful cyanobacterial blooms: Causes, consequences and controls. En: Microbial Ecology, 65(4), pp.995-1010.

Prepas, E. y Charette T., 2003. Worldwide eutrophication of water bodies: causes, concerns, controls. En: Sherwood, B., ed. Treatise on geochemistry. Vol. 9. Amsterdam Elsevier. pp.311-331.

Rodríguez, A., Méndez, G., Kausas, S., Clemente, J., Kroger, A. y Mazzeo, N., 2010. Importancia de la carga externa e interna de nutrientes en el estado trófico de la Laguna del Sauce. En: Inda, H. y Steffen, M., eds., 2010. Bases técnicas para el manejo integrado de Laguna del Sauce y cuenca asociada. Montevideo: Editorial Montevideo. pp.53-61. ISBN: 978-9974-0-0694-2.

Reynolds, C.S., 1987. Cyanobacterial water-blooms. En: Advances in Botanical Research, 13(C), pp.67-143.

Reynolds, C.S., 2006. The ecology of phytoplankton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Robarts, R. y Zohary, T., 1987. Temperature effects on photosynthetic capacity, respiration and growth rates of bloom-forming cyanobacteria. En: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 21, pp.391–399.

Schindler, D.W., 2006. Recent advances in the understanding and management of eutrophication. En: Limnology and Oceanography, 51(1), pp.356–363

Schindler, D.W., Hecky, R.E., Findlay, D.L., Stainton, M.P., Parker, B.R., Paterson, M.J., Beaty, K.G., Lying, M. y Kasian, S.E.M., 2008. Eutrophication of lakes cannot be controlled by reducing nitrogen input: Results of a 37-year whole-ecosystem experiment. En: PNAS, 105(32), pp.11254-11258.

Sienra, D. y Ferrari, G., 2006. Monitoreo de cianobacterias en la costa de Montevideo. En: Menafra, R.; Rodriguez–Gallego, L.; Scarabino, F. y Conde, D., eds., 2006. Bases para la conservación y el manejo de la costa uruguaya. Montevideo: Vida Silvestre. pp.413–420. ISBN: 9974-7589-2-0.

Smith, V. y Bennett, S., 1999. Nitrogen:Phosphorus supply ratios and phytoplankton community structure in lakes. En: Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 146, pp.37–53.

Smolders, A.J.P., Lamers, L.P.M., Lucassen, E.C.H.E.T., Van Der Velde, G. y Roelofs, J.G.M., 2006. Internal eutrophication: How it works and what to do about it – a review. En: Journal of chemistry and ecology, 22, pp.93-111.

Stewart, I., Webb, P., Schluter, P. y Shaw, G., 2006. Recreational and occupational field exposure to freshwater cyanobacteria –a review of anecdotal and case reports, epidemiological studies and the challenges epidemiologic assessment.En: Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source, 5(6), pp.1-13.

Tarczynska, M., G. Nalecz-Jawecki, Z. Romanowska-Duda, J. Sawicki, K. Beattie, G. Codd y Zalewski., M., 2001. Tests for the toxicity assessment of cyanobacterial bloom samples. En: Environ. Toxicol., 16, pp.383-390.

Uhelinger, V., 1964. Étude statistique des méthodes de dénobrement planctonique. En: Archive de Science, 17, pp.121–223.

Utermöhl, H., 1985. Zur vervolkommung der quantitativen phytoplankton-methodik. mitteilungen. En: Internationale Vereiningung fuer Theoretische and Angewandte Limnologie, 9, pp.1-38.

Valderrama, J.C., 1981. The simultaneous analysis of total N and total P in natural waters. En: Mar. Chem., 10, pp.1009-1022.

Vidal, L. y Kruk, C., 2008. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) extends its distribution to Latitude 34°53’S: taxonomical and ecological features in Uruguayan eutrophic lakes. En: Panamerican Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 3, pp.142-151.

Wetzel, R.G., 2001. Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN-13: 978-0-12-744760-5.

WHO, 2004. Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Vol. 1. Singapore: World Health Organization. ISBN: 92 4 154674 3.

Published

2017-06-21

How to Cite

González-Madina, L., Pacheco, J. P., Mazzeo, N., Levrini, P., Clemente, J. M., Lagomarsino, J. J., & Fosalba, C. (2017). Environmental drivers of phytoplankton with focus on potentially toxic cyanobacteria in a shallow lake used as drinking water source: Sauce Lake, Maldonado, Uruguay. INNOTEC, (13 ene-jun), 26–35. https://doi.org/10.26461/13.03

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)